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Détails de l'évolution du coronavirus dans le monde.The ultimate story pack - final cut pro x & apple motion free



 

Guns in America. We'll notify you here with news about. Turn on desktop notifications for breaking stories about interest? Latest Sports Headlines. Just another night for Shohei Ohtani. The two-way sensation from Japan withstood another injury scare and pitched six scoreless innings to go with his team-leading 25th home run, reaching yet another monumental milestone as the Los Angeles Angels beat the Oakland Athletics on Tuesday.

Ohtani joined Babe Ruth as the only players in major league history to have at least 10 home runs and 10 wins in the same season. These things don't go by us lightly. The Pittsburgh infielder lost his phone during a slide into third base and the Pirates lost to the Arizona Diamondbacks on Tuesday night.

Obviously, it was very unintentional. Castro made a different kind of noise after being called up from Triple-A Indianapolis -- with his phone. The second-year second baseman walked in the fourth inning and went to third on Oneil Cruz's single. Castro slid headfirst into the bag to beat the throw and the impact sent his phone flying from his back Jude Championship.

Gooch is 20th in the standings, Jones is 65th and Swafford is 67th. District Court Judge Beth Labson Freeman, of the Northern District of California, ruled that the LIV players had not made their case of irreparable harm and agreed with the tour's position that the players' argument for District Court Judge Beth Labson Freeman, of the Northern District of California, ruled that the LIV players had not made their case of irreparable harm and agreed with the Tour's position that the players' argument for During his first press conference of training camp, McVay was asked about a possible contract extension.

He said, "We are in a good place. I feel really good about the direction that's going in and I think it'll be something where it'll be me and Les and you guys will know when that is finalized for us.

McVay said he feels "good" about the extension, saying it was "always a really good dialogue that existed. L Robinson earlier this month. At a league meeting called to formally approve the Denver Broncos' new ownership group Tuesday, Goodell was asked why the NFL appealed Robinson's decision and was seeking a suspension of at least a year for the Cleveland Browns quarterback. Harvey, a former New Jersey attorney general, to hear the appeal of Watson's suspension for violations of the NFL's personal conduct policy Grant had to be carted off the field during Tuesday's practice after suffering the injury in the drill.

A source said the team is awaiting imaging to confirm the Achilles tear. The Browns signed Grant to a three-year deal this offseason to be their kick and punt returner; Grant, however, was also having a standout training camp as a receiver out of the slot, as well.

Grant, a Pro Bowl returner for the Chicago Bears last season, has four punt return touchdowns and two scores off kick returns during a career that began with the Miami Dolphins in Earlier this week, Browns special teams coordinator Mike Priefer said he thought Grant would "transform" Cleveland's return game. If Grant is out, the Browns will likely turn to Demetric Felton to return punts and kicks for them.

Rodgers hasn't played a preseason snap since -- he was supposed to play one game in the summer of until the plan got scrapped because of poor field conditions in Winnipeg -- but the combination of a poor start to last season and breaking in new receivers and offensive linemen might be reason to do so this year. If we're going to play, we should play and play a quarter, a couple of series, two to three series. Just suiting up for four plays, to me, is a waste.

Zgonina had served as Mills' assistant the past two seasons. Rivera didn't elaborate on what he meant by a philosophical difference, but said it was "just some observations. I just felt it was a change I needed to make. Mills was an assistant defensive line coach until December , when Rivera elevated him to the main role after firing Brady Hoke.

Mills then came to Washington after Rivera was hired in January Rivera said his history with the Mills family made the decision "very difficult.

Fox will remain the Big Ten's main media partner and had representatives attend negotiations with other potential partners during the past few months. The offer did not include a direct-to-consumer package, which ESPN valued through its Scottie Scheffler, the No. Becton, 23, drafted 11th overall in , still is seeking outside medical opinions, but the expectation is that he will need surgery -- his second in the past 11 months on his right knee. By then, he is likely to have missed 35 of a possible 50 games because of injuries.

He dislocated his right kneecap in the opener, resulting in season-ending surgery. There is virtually no chance the team will exercise his fifth-year option for Kelce decided to have the procedure after trying to work through some lingering discomfort. There is no official timetable for his return to play, though a league source indicated it was realistic that he will be ready for the season opener against the Detroit Lions on Sept.

The year-old Kelce has started consecutive games, the longest active streak in the NFL among centers. Rookie Cam Jurgens, a second-round pick out of Nebraska, has been getting second-team reps during training camp and is listed as the backup on the unofficial depth chart. Kelce was added to a growing injury report Tuesday that also includes receiver DeVonta Smith groin , running backs Kenny Gainwell hip and Boston Scott concussion and rookie tight end Grant Calcaterra hamstring.

Left tackles Mayfield seems to have won over one of his most well-known critics. McAdoo didn't show his hand on who will win the "open" competition between Mayfield and Sam Darnold, but for the second time in two days, a Panthers official used the word "impressive" to describe Mayfield.

Sale, 33, already had missed most of the season after a broken rib cage suffered during a lockout workout sidelined him until July Following a scoreless debut, Sale left his second start after two-thirds of an inning when a line drive from New York Yankees outfielder Aaron Hicks fractured the pinky on his throwing hand.

He then took his bike to get lunch and hit something going down a hill before falling off his bike. It's really unfortunate. We're relieved this wasn't worse, obviously. Very glad this wasn't worse. But it's been such a run of bad luck for him and Heavyweight boxing champ Tyson Fury, after saying he'd retire, wants to fight Derek Chisora Tyson Fury, who confirmed in April that he was retiring, has announced that he's returning to the boxing ring.

The heavyweight champion's preferred opponent is Derek Chisora, whom he already defeated twice in lopsided fashion. I'd always say I'd fight Derek Chisora at the end of my career. Top Rank and Frank Warren have co-promoted Fury's last five fights, but this offer was extended by Goldstar Promotions, the company that handles Fury's meet-and-greets across the U.

Serena Williams says she's planning to 'evolve' away from tennis Serena Williams announced her tennis career is winding down, citing her desire to grow her family. Williams shared her thoughts about her future in a first-person essay on Vogue. She admitted she had mixed feelings about her next chapter and didn't even like using the word "retirement," instead opting for "evolution.

I can't even have this conversation with my mom and dad. It's like it's not real until you say it out loud.

The only person I've really gone there with is my therapist! One thing I'm not going to do is sugarcoat this. I know that a lot of people are excited about and look forward to retiring, and I really wish I ESPN has confirmed the validity of these messages. The linebacker wrote that the "new front office regime doesn't value me here," after Smith said he had been trying to work on an extension since April. Poles said his intention is still to work toward signing Smith to an extension and that the front office is "doing everything we can to get The Bengals sold the stadium naming rights to Cincinnati-based Paycor, a company that specializes in human resources software.

The agreement is for 16 years. Financial terms were not disclosed. He was always for what is best for the football team," Bengals president Mike Brown said in a statement. In , Cincinnati reached the Super Bowl for the first time in 31 years. The Bengals lost to the Los Angeles Rams Since then, the franchise has sold the naming rights Carpenter, 36, broke his left foot when he fouled off an 89 mph slider from Seattle Mariners starter Logan Gilbert in the first inning.

He will be out indefinitely. After hobbling in pain, Carpenter was briefly checked by manager Aaron Boone but finished the at-bat and struck out swinging on the next pitch. He said he knew something was wrong but thought he could finish the at-bat and drive in a run.

But I knew it wasn't good. Los Angeles Sparks standout Nneka Ogwumike addresses WNBA's continued travel issues 'that must be remedied' Los Angeles Sparks standout Nneka Ogwumike said via social media Monday evening that "transformational growth" in the WNBA is being impeded by continued travel issues and what she sees as "tired arguments" against possible remedies.

After two delays, the Sparks' flight was canceled and rebooked for Monday morning. There weren't enough rooms after our flight got delayed, delayed again and then canceled at 1 a. It is now , and we're here until 9 a.

The first-round draft pick injured the same knee that required season-ending surgery in September, but this was described as a "different" injury, the source said.

Becton will have additional tests on Tuesday to determine a diagnosis, but the Jets' concern level was elevated after receiving the MRI results.

One source said the assumption is that Becton, 23, will miss significant time. Becton appeared to hurt the knee in an early O-line drill Monday morning. He limped around but stayed in practice. A few minutes later, on the second play of an on period, Becton fell backward after being jolted by defensive end Rodgers discussed on "The Aubrey Marcus Podcast" last week how he went on an ayahuasca retreat to Peru in , before the third of his four MVP seasons.

   

 

Entertainment & Arts - Los Angeles Times.BANDOL T2 36 m2 in Villa PRIVATE POOL GARDEN



   

What can a Customer Data Platform do for your brand? CDPs connect customer data so every team has insight into how a customer interacts with you on every platform.

Marketers have grown reliant on third-party ad tracking and cookies, but the news is this: First-party data and back-to-basics strategies will yield more bang for your buck. How can you maintain trust with your teams and customers in the middle of a global trust crisis? Watch out for three common pitfalls. Lots of people waste lots of time doing things that don't add value to their jobs or the business.

Data literacy is a key driver of employee happiness, productivity, and innovation, but most employees say they lack this key skill. Here's why it's become more important than ever to change that. Marketing guru Seth Godin and Salesforce vice president and global innovation evangelist Brian Solis offer their take on how to build customer trust. Companies are desperate to hire tech workers.

Some are starting apprenticeship programs to fill the gap and create loyal employees. Expert insights and practical how-tos to help you develop your career, connect with Trailblazers, learn Salesforce, and earn certifications. Ask The Trailblazer is an equality-first social series for those who are getting certified, landing their dream job in the Salesforce ecosystem, and sharing their experiences with other Trailblazers to follow. Planning to take a Salesforce Certification exam? Windows Vista unifies the previously separate OEM and retail distributions of Microsoft Windows; a license for the edition purchased determines which version of Windows Vista is eligible for installation, regardless of its originating source.

OEM and retail versions of Windows before Windows Vista were maintained separately on optical media—users with a manufacturer-supplied disc could not use a retail license during installation, and users with a retail disc could not use an OEM license during installation. Windows Vista also does not include the Windows XP " Luna " visual theme, or most of the classic color schemes that have been part of Windows since the Windows 3.

The "Hardware profiles" startup feature has also been removed, along with support for older motherboard technologies like the EISA bus, APM and game port support though on the bit version game port support can be enabled by applying an older driver. Support for the original release of Windows Vista without a service pack ended on April 13, Mainstream support for Windows Vista officially ended on April 10, For IT pros or users who needed to make specific fixes to the commercial Windows code, Microsoft required an extended hotfix agreement, which provided an additional 90 days from April 10, As part of the Extended Support phase, Vista users were still able to get security updates, and could still pay for support per incident, per-hour, or in other ways.

Microsoft also made Windows Vista product information available through its online Knowledge Base. Windows Vista shipped in six different editions. For consumers, there are three editions, with two available for economically more developed countries. Windows Vista Starter edition is aimed at low-powered computers with availability only in emerging markets.

Windows Vista Home Basic is intended for budget users. Windows Vista Home Premium covers the majority of the consumer market and contains applications for creating and using multimedia.

The home editions cannot join a Windows Server domain. For businesses, there are three editions as well. Windows Vista Business is specifically designed for small and medium-sized enterprises , [] while Windows Vista Enterprise [] is only available to customers participating in Microsoft's Software Assurance program.

Windows Vista Ultimate contains the complete feature-set of both the Home and Business combination of both Home Premium and Enterprise editions, as well as a set of Windows Ultimate Extras , and is aimed at enthusiasts. All editions except Windows Vista Starter support both bit x86 and bit x64 processor architectures.

Similar sanctions exist in South Korea. Windows Vista has four distinct visual styles. Windows Vista's Basic and Classic interfaces work with virtually any graphics hardware that supports Windows XP or ; accordingly, most discussion around Vista's graphics requirements centers on those for the Windows Aero interface.

The required server connections for this utility are no longer available. Although the installation media included in retail packages is a bit DVD, customers needing a CD-ROM or customers who wish for a bit install media can acquire this media through the Windows Vista Alternate Media program.

The maximum amount of RAM that Windows Vista can support varies, depending on both its edition and its processor architecture, as shown in the table. The maximum number of logical processors [] in a PC that Windows Vista supports is: 32 [] for bit; 64 [] for bit. Microsoft occasionally releases updates such as service packs for its Windows operating systems to fix bugs, improve performance and add new features.

The initial deployment of the service pack caused a number of machines to continually reboot, rendering the machines unusable. The synchronized release date of the two operating systems reflected the merging of the workstation and server kernels back into a single code base for the first time since Windows Support for the remaining 31 languages was released on April 14, A white paper, published by Microsoft on August 29, , outlined the scope and intent of the service pack, identifying three major areas of improvement: reliability and performance, administration experience, and support for newer hardware and standards.

One area of particular note is performance. Areas of improvement include file copy operations, hibernation, logging off on domain-joined machines, JavaScript parsing in Internet Explorer, network file share browsing, [] Windows Explorer ZIP file handling, [] and Windows Disk Defragmenter. Service Pack 1 introduced support for some new hardware and software standards, notably the exFAT file system, [] Booting a system using Extensible Firmware Interface on x64 systems was also introduced; [] this feature had originally been slated for the initial release of Vista but was delayed due to a lack of compatible hardware at the time.

Two areas have seen changes in SP1 that have come as the result of concerns from software vendors. One of these is desktop search; users will be able to change the default desktop search program to one provided by a third party instead of the Microsoft desktop search program that comes with Windows Vista, and desktop search programs will be able to seamlessly tie in their services into the operating system.

In June , Google claimed that the changes being introduced for SP1 "are a step in the right direction, but they should be improved further to give consumers greater access to alternate desktop search providers". An update to DirectX 10, named DirectX Graphics cards will be required to support DirectX An updated downloadable version of the Group Policy Management Console was released soon after the service pack.

SP1 enables support for hotpatching, a reboot-reduction servicing technology designed to maximize uptime. It works by allowing Windows components to be updated or "patched" while they are still in use by a running process. Hotpatch-enabled update packages are installed via the same methods as traditional update packages, and will not trigger a system reboot.

Service Pack 2 for Windows Vista and Windows Server was released through different channels between April [] and June , one year after the release of Windows Vista SP1, and four months before the release of Windows 7.

However, it did not include Internet Explorer 8 , but instead was included in Windows 7 , which was released four months after Vista SP2. Windows Vista and Windows Server share a single service pack binary, reflecting the fact that their code bases were joined with the release of Server It includes major new components that shipped with Windows 7 , as well as updated runtime libraries. It consists of the following components:.

Although extensive, the Platform Update does not bring Windows Vista to the level of features and performance offered by Windows 7. In July , Microsoft released the Platform Update Supplement for Windows Vista and Windows Server , which contains several bug fixes and performance improvements. While Windows Vista support ended on April 11, , support could be unofficially extended by installing Windows Server updates, this allowed Windows Vista users to install security updates until the Windows Server end of support date of January 14, The Text Services Framework was compromised by a privilege escalation vulnerability CVE - that could allow attackers to use the framework to perform privileged operations, run software, or send messages to privileged processes from unprivileged processes—bypassing security features such as sandboxes or User Account Control.

If Windows Defender scanned a specially crafted file, it would lead to memory corruption, potentially allowing an attacker to control the affected machine or perform arbitrary code execution in the context of LocalSystem ; the vulnerability was exacerbated by the default real-time protection settings of Windows Defender, which were configured to automatically initiate malware scans at regular intervals.

The first version of the Protection Engine affected by the vulnerability is Version 1. Microsoft released a patch to address the issue. Windows Vista support ended on April 11, , and no more updates were released for the OS apart from the rare out-of-band patches. In July , Microsoft introduced a web-based advertising campaign called the "Mojave Experiment", which depicts a group of people who are asked to evaluate the newest operating system from Microsoft, calling it Windows 'Mojave'.

Participants are first asked about Vista, if they have used it, and their overall satisfaction with Vista on a scale of 1 to They are then shown a demo of some of the new operating system's features, and asked their opinion and satisfaction with it on the same 1 to 10 scale.

After respondents rate "Mojave", they are then told that they were shown a demo of Windows Vista. The object was to test "A theory: If people could see Windows Vista firsthand, they would like it. Windows Vista received mixed to negative reviews at the time of its release and throughout its lifespan, mainly for its much higher hardware requirements and perceived slowness compared to Windows XP. It received generally positive reviews from PC gamers who praised the advantages brought by DirectX 10, which allowed for better gaming performance and more realistic graphics, as well as support for many new capabilities featured in new GPUs.

In mid, benchmarks suggested that the SP1 update improved performance to be on par with or better than Windows XP in terms of game performance. Peter Bright of Ars Technica wrote that, despite its delays and feature cuts, Windows Vista is "a huge evolution in the history of the NT platform [ In terms of the magnitude and extent of these changes, Vista represents probably the biggest leap that the NT platform has ever seen.

Never before have significant subsystems been gutted and replaced in the way they are in Vista. In its first year of availability, PC World rated it as the biggest tech disappointment of , [] and it was rated by InfoWorld as No.

Computer manufacturers such as Dell , Lenovo , and Hewlett-Packard released their newest computers with Windows Vista pre-installed; however, after the negative reception of the operating system, they also began selling their computers with Windows XP CDs included because of a drop in sales.

A Gartner research report predicted that Vista business adoption in would overtake that of XP during the same time frame Within its first month, 20 million copies of Vista were sold, double the amount of Windows XP sales within its first month in October , five years earlier. The internet-usage market share for Windows Vista after two years of availability, in January , was This figure combined with World Internet Users and Population Stats yielded a user base of roughly million, [] which exceeded Microsoft's two-year post launch expectations by million.

Windows Vista received mixed reviews. Criticism targets include protracted development time 5—6 years , more restrictive licensing terms, the inclusion of several technologies aimed at restricting the copying of protected digital media, [] and the usability of the new User Account Control security technology.

Moreover, some concerns have been raised about many PCs meeting "Vista Premium Ready" hardware requirements and Vista's pricing. While in Microsoft claimed "nearly all PCs on the market today will run Windows Vista", [] the higher requirements of some of the "premium" features, such as the Aero interface, affected many upgraders. According to the UK newspaper The Times in May , the full set of features "would be available to less than 5 percent of Britain's PC market"; however, this prediction was made several months before Vista was released.

Criticism of upgrade licenses pertaining to Windows Vista Starter through Home Premium was expressed by Ars Technica ' s Ken Fisher, who noted that the new requirement of having a prior operating system already installed was going to irritate users who reinstall Windows regularly. On the first install, Windows will refuse to activate. The user must then reinstall that same copy of Vista. Vista will then activate on the reinstall, thus allowing a user to install an Upgrade of Windows Vista without owning a previous operating system.

Initially, the cost of Windows Vista was also a source of concern and commentary. A majority of users in a poll said that the prices of various Windows Vista editions posted on the Microsoft Canada website in August make the product too expensive. Windows Vista supports additional forms of DRM restrictions. Depending on what the content demands, the devices may not pass premium content over non-encrypted outputs, or they must artificially degrade the quality of the signal on such outputs or not display it at all.

Drivers for such hardware must be approved by Microsoft; a revocation mechanism is also included, which allows Microsoft to disable drivers of devices in end-user PCs over the Internet. Proponents have claimed that Microsoft had no choice but to follow the demands of the movie studios, and that the technology will not actually be enabled until after ; [] [] Microsoft also noted that content protection mechanisms have existed in Windows as far back as Windows ME , and that the new protections will not apply to any existing content, only future content.

Although User Account Control UAC is an important part of Vista's security infrastructure as it blocks software from silently gaining administrator privileges without the user's knowledge, it has been widely criticized for generating too many prompts. End-users of licenses of Windows 7 acquired through OEM or volume licensing may downgrade to the equivalent edition of Windows Vista.

Customers licensed for use of Windows 8 Enterprise are generally licensed for Windows 8 Pro, which may be downgraded to Windows Vista Business. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Personal computer operating system by Microsoft released in Closed-source Source-available through Shared Source Initiative [1].

Main article: Development of Windows Vista. Main article: Features new to Windows Vista. Main article: Technical features new to Windows Vista. Main article: Security and safety features new to Windows Vista. Main article: Management features new to Windows Vista. Main article: List of features removed in Windows Vista. Main article: Windows Vista editions. Main article: Mojave Experiment. Main article: Criticism of Windows Vista. We based it off your Facebook details.

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Step by step, every event since Waterloo follows with logical consistency from the teachings of Napoleon, formulated for the first time, some twenty years afterwards, by this remarkable thinker. What Darwin accomplished for Biology generally Clausewitz did for the Life-History of Nations nearly half a century before him, for both have proved the existence of the same law in each case, viz.

Whether this state of equilibrium is in itself a good or desirable thing may be open to argument. Meanwhile, however, with every year that elapses the forces at present in equilibrium are changing in magnitude—the pressure of populations which have to be fed is rising, and an explosion along the line of least resistance is, sooner or later, inevitable.

As I read the teaching of the recent Hague Conference, no responsible Government on the Continent is anxious to form in themselves that line of least resistance; they know only too well what War would mean; and we alone, absolutely unconscious of the trend of the dominant thought of Europe, are pulling down the dam which may at any moment let in on us the flood of invasion.

Now no responsible man in Europe, perhaps least of all in Germany, thanks us for this voluntary destruction of our defences, for all who are of any importance would very much rather end their days in peace than incur the burden of responsibility which War would entail. The case is identical with that of an ordinary steam boiler, delivering so and so many pounds of steam to its engines as long as the envelope can contain the pressure; but let a breach in its continuity arise—relieving the boiling water of all restraint—and in a moment the whole mass flashes into vapour, developing a power no work of man can oppose.

The ultimate consequences of defeat no man can foretell. The only way to avert them is to ensure victory; and, again following out the principles of Clausewitz, victory can only be ensured by the creation in peace of an organisation which will bring every available man, horse, and gun or ship and gun, if the war be on the sea in the shortest possible time, and with the utmost possible momentum, upon the decisive field of action—which in turn leads to the final doctrine formulated by Von der Goltz in excuse for the action of the late President Kruger in It is because this sequence of cause and effect is absolutely unknown to our Members of Parliament, elected by popular representation, that all our efforts to ensure a lasting peace by securing efficiency with economy in our National Defences have been rendered nugatory.

It is this ceaseless repetition of his fundamental ideas to which one-half of the male population of every Continental Nation has been subjected for two to three years of their lives, which has tuned their minds to vibrate in harmony with his precepts, and those who know and appreciate this fact at its true value have only to strike the necessary chords in order to evoke a response sufficient to overpower any other ethical conception which those who have not organised their forces beforehand can appeal to.

The recent set-back experienced by the Socialists in Germany is an illustration of my position. The Socialist leaders of that country are far behind the responsible Governors in their knowledge of the management of crowds. The latter had long before in , in fact made their arrangements to prevent the spread of Socialistic propaganda beyond certain useful limits.

As long as the Socialists only threatened capital they were not seriously interfered with, for the Government knew quite well that the undisputed sway of the employer was not for the ultimate good of the State. The standard of comfort must not be pitched too low if men are to be ready to die for their country. But the moment the Socialists began to interfere seriously with the discipline of the Army the word went round, and the Socialists lost heavily at the polls.

Where the spirit of duty and self-sacrifice is low the troops are unready and inefficient; where, as in Prussia, these qualities, by the training of a whole century, have become instinctive, troops really are ready to the last button, and might be poured down upon any one of her neighbours with such rapidity that the very first collision must suffice to ensure ultimate success—a success by no means certain if the enemy, whoever he may be, is allowed breathing-time in which to set his house in order.

An example will make this clearer. In Germany was on the very verge of War with France and Russia. At that moment her superior efficiency, the consequence of this inborn sense of duty—surely one of the highest qualities of humanity—was so great that it is more than probable that less than six weeks would have sufficed to bring the French to their knees. Indeed, after the first fortnight it would have been possible to begin transferring troops from the Rhine to the Niemen; and the same case may arise again.

France alone might then have claimed all the efforts that Germany could have put forth to defeat her. Yet there are politicians in England so grossly ignorant of the German reading of the Napoleonic lessons that they expect that Nation to sacrifice the enormous advantage they have prepared by a whole century of self-sacrifice and practical patriotism by an appeal to a Court of Arbitration, and the further delays which must arise by going through the medieval formalities of recalling Ambassadors and exchanging ultimatums.

Did they, when in the throes of such competition, send formal notice to their rivals of their plans to get the better of them in commerce? Did Mr. Carnegie, the arch-priest of Peace at any price, when he built up the Steel Trust, notify his competitors when and how he proposed to strike the blows which successively made him master of millions? Surely the Directors of a Great Nation may consider the interests of their shareholders—i.

Indeed, if anything, modern appliances have intensified its importance, for though, with equal armaments on both sides, the form of battles must always remain the same, the facility and certainty of combination which better methods of communicating orders and intelligence have conferred upon the Commanders has rendered the control of great masses immeasurably more certain than it was in the past. Men kill each other at greater distances, it is true—but killing is a constant factor in all battles.

Thus, at Waterloo, Napoleon was compelled to wait till the ground became firm enough for his guns to gallop over; nowadays every gun at his disposal, and five times that number had he possessed them, might have opened on any point in the British position he had selected, as soon as it became light enough to see.

Or, to take a more modern instance, viz. Privat-Gravelotte, August 18, , where the Germans were able to concentrate on both wings batteries of two hundred guns and upwards, it would have been practically impossible, owing to the section of the slopes of the French position, to carry out the old-fashioned case-shot attack at all.

Nowadays there would be no difficulty in turning on the fire of two thousand guns on any point of the position, and switching this fire up and down the line like water from a fire-engine hose, if the occasion demanded such concentration. But these alterations in method make no difference in the truth of the picture of War which Clausewitz presents, with which every soldier, and above all every Leader, should be saturated.

Death, wounds, suffering, and privation remain the same, whatever the weapons employed, and their reaction on the ultimate nature of man is the same now as in the struggle a century ago. It is this reaction that the Great Commander has to understand and prepare himself to control; and the task becomes ever greater as, fortunately for humanity, the opportunities for gathering experience become more rare.

This Life within all living things, my Prince, Hides beyond harm. Scorn thou to suffer, then, For that which cannot suffer. Do thy part! Be mindful of thy name, and tremble not. Nought better can betide a martial soul Than lawful war.

Happy the warrior To whom comes joy of battle But if thou shunn'st This honourable field—a Kshittriya— If, knowing thy duty and thy task, thou bidd'st Duty and task go by—that shall be sin!

And those to come shall speak thee infamy From age to age. But infamy is worse For men of noble blood to bear than death! Therefore arise, thou Son of Kunti!

Brace Thine arm for conflict; nerve thy heart to meet, As things alike to thee, pleasure or pain, Profit or ruin, victory or defeat. So minded, gird thee to the fight, for so Thou shalt not sin! It will naturally excite surprise that a preface by a female hand should accompany a work on such a subject as the present.

For my friends no explanation of the circumstance is required; but I hope by a simple relation of the cause to clear myself of the appearance of presumption in the eyes also of those to whom I am not known. The work to which these lines serve as a preface occupied almost entirely the last twelve years of the life of my inexpressibly beloved husband, who has unfortunately been torn too soon from myself and his country.

It will be understood, as a matter of course, that I cannot have the most remote intention of considering myself as the real editress of a work which is far above the scope of my capacity: I only stand at its side as an affectionate companion on its entrance into the world.

This position I may well claim, as a similar one was allowed me during its formation and progress. Those who are acquainted with our happy married life, and know how we shared everything with each other—not only joy and sorrow, but also every occupation, every interest of daily life—will understand that my beloved husband could not be occupied on a work of this kind without its being known to me. Therefore, no one can like me bear testimony to the zeal, to the love with which he laboured on it, to the hopes which he bound up with it, as well as the manner and time of its elaboration.

His richly gifted mind had from his early youth longed for light and truth, and, varied as were his talents, still he had chiefly directed his reflections to the science of war, to which the duties of his profession called him, and which are of such importance for the benefit of States. Scharnhorst was the first to lead him into the right road, and his subsequent appointment in as Instructor at the General War School, as well as the honour conferred on him at the same time of giving military instruction to H.

A paper with which he finished the instruction of H. But it was in the year , at Coblentz, that he first devoted himself again to scientific labours, and to collecting the fruits which his rich experience in those four eventful years had brought to maturity.

He wrote down his views, in the first place, in short essays, only loosely connected with each other. The following, without date, which has been found amongst his papers, seems to belong to those early days. I looked upon them only as materials, and had just got to such a length towards the moulding them into a whole. My view was at first, without regard to system and strict connection, to put down the results of my reflections upon the most important points in quite brief, precise, compact propositions.

The manner in which Montesquieu has treated his subject floated before me in idea. I thought that concise, sententious chapters, which I proposed at first to call grains, would attract the attention of the intelligent just as much by that which was to be developed from them, as by that which they contained in themselves.

I had, therefore, before me in idea, intelligent readers already acquainted with the subject. But my nature, which always impels me to development and systematising, at last worked its way out also in this instance. For some time I was able to confine myself to extracting only the most important results from the essays, which, to attain clearness and conviction in my own mind, I wrote upon different subjects, to concentrating in that manner their spirit in a small compass; but afterwards my peculiarity gained ascendency completely—I have developed what I could, and thus naturally have supposed a reader not yet acquainted with the subject.

But it was my wish also in this to avoid everything common, everything that is plain of itself, that has been said a hundred times, and is generally accepted; for my ambition was to write a book that would not be forgotten in two or three years, and which any one interested in the subject would at all events take up more than once.

In Coblentz, where he was much occupied with duty, he could only give occasional hours to his private studies. It was not until , after his appointment as Director of the General Academy of War at Berlin, that he had the leisure to expand his work, and enrich it from the history of modern wars.

This leisure also reconciled him to his new avocation, which, in other respects, was not satisfactory to him, as, according to the existing organisation of the Academy, the scientific part of the course is not under the Director, but conducted by a Board of Studies. Free as he was from all petty vanity, from every feeling of restless, egotistical ambition, still he felt a desire to be really useful, and not to leave inactive the abilities with which God had endowed him.

In active life he was not in a position in which this longing could be satisfied, and he had little hope of attaining to any such position: his whole energies were therefore directed upon the domain of science, and the benefit which he hoped to lay the foundation of by his work was the object of his life.

That, notwithstanding this, the resolution not to let the work appear until after his death became more confirmed is the best proof that no vain, paltry longing for praise and distinction, no particle of egotistical views, was mixed up with this noble aspiration for great and lasting usefulness. Thus he worked diligently on, until, in the spring of , he was appointed to the artillery, and his energies were called into activity in such a different sphere, and to such a high degree, that he was obliged, for the moment at least, to give up all literary work.

He then put his papers in order, sealed up the separate packets, labelled them, and took sorrowful leave of this employment which he loved so much. In March , he accompanied his revered Commander to Posen. When he returned from there to Breslau in November after the melancholy event which had taken place, he hoped to resume his work and perhaps complete it in the course of the winter.

The Almighty has willed it should be otherwise. On the 7th November he returned to Breslau; on the 16th he was no more; and the packets sealed by himself were not opened until after his death. The papers thus left are those now made public in the following volumes, exactly in the condition in which they were found, without a word being added or erased.

I must also mention my much-loved brother, who was my support in the hour of my misfortune, and who has also done much for me in respect of these papers; amongst other things, by carefully examining and putting them in order, he found the commencement of the revision which my dear husband wrote in the year , and mentions in the Notice hereafter annexed as a work he had in view.

This revision has been inserted in the place intended for it in the first book for it does not go any further. There are still many other friends to whom I might offer my thanks for their advice, for the sympathy and friendship which they have shown me; but if I do not name them all, they will, I am sure, not have any doubts of my sincere gratitude. It is all the greater, from my firm conviction that all they have done was not only on my own account, but for the friend whom God has thus called away from them so soon.

If I have been highly blessed as the wife of such a man during one and twenty years, so am I still, notwithstanding my irreparable loss, by the treasure of my recollections and of my hopes, by the rich legacy of sympathy and friendship which I owe the beloved departed, by the elevating feeling which I experience at seeing his rare worth so generally and honourably acknowledged.

The trust confided to me by a Royal Couple is a fresh benefit for which I have to thank the Almighty, as it opens to me an honourable occupation, to which I devote myself. May this occupation be blessed, and may the dear little Prince who is now entrusted to my care, some day read this book, and be animated by it to deeds like those of his glorious ancestors. I look upon the first six books, of which a fair copy has now been made, as only a mass which is still in a manner without form, and which has yet to be again revised.

In this revision the two kinds of War will be everywhere kept more distinctly in view, by which all ideas will acquire a clearer meaning, a more precise direction, and a closer application.

The two kinds of War are, first, those in which the object is the overthrow of the enemy , whether it be that we aim at his destruction, politically, or merely at disarming him and forcing him to conclude peace on our terms; and next, those in which our object is merely to make some conquests on the frontiers of his country , either for the purpose of retaining them permanently, or of turning them to account as matter of exchange in the settlement of a peace.

Transition from one kind to the other must certainly continue to exist, but the completely different nature of the tendencies of the two must everywhere appear, and must separate from each other things which are incompatible.

Besides establishing this real difference in Wars, another practically necessary point of view must at the same time be established, which is, that War is only a continuation of State policy by other means.

This point of view being adhered to everywhere, will introduce much more unity into the consideration of the subject, and things will be more easily disentangled from each other. Although the chief application of this point of view does not commence until we get to the eighth book, still it must be completely developed in the first book, and also lend assistance throughout the revision of the first six books.

Through such a revision the first six books will get rid of a good deal of dross, many rents and chasms will be closed up, and much that is of a general nature will be transformed into distinct conceptions and forms.

The seventh book—on attack—for the different chapters of which sketches are already made, is to be considered as a reflection of the sixth, and must be completed at once, according to the above-mentioned more distinct points of view, so that it will require no fresh revision, but rather may serve as a model in the revision of the first six books. For the eighth book—on the Plan of a War , that is, of the organisation of a whole War in general—several chapters are designed, but they are not at all to be regarded as real materials, they are merely a track, roughly cleared, as it were, through the mass, in order by that means to ascertain the points of most importance.

They have answered this object, and I propose, on finishing the seventh book, to proceed at once to the working out of the eighth, where the two points of view above mentioned will be chiefly affirmed, by which everything will be simplified, and at the same time have a spirit breathed into it. I hope in this book to iron out many creases in the heads of strategists and statesmen, and at least to show the object of action, and the real point to be considered in War.

Now, when I have brought my ideas clearly out by finishing this eighth book, and have properly established the leading features of War, it will be easier for me to carry the spirit of these ideas in to the first six books, and to make these same features show themselves everywhere.

Therefore I shall defer till then the revision of the first six books. Sign up: Book Club. Sign up: Indie Focus. Sign up: Entertainment.

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